thailand 1932 revolution

A. The causes of formation of the Constitutional Monarchy in Thailand

During the leadership of King Vajiravudh in 1910 experienced turmoil during kepemimipinannya. King Vajiravudh adalahpengganti from King Chulanglongkor. In his leadership of King Vajiravudh made a big mistake not to continue the modernization efforts that have been pioneered by his father. In taking the decision of King Vajiravudh not ask the advice of his family members are important, as was done by his father. He also raised the people who liked to sit in key positions, giving rise to jealousy. He has a goal to revive the absolutism that is already reduced in the leadership of King Mongkut. In 1921 he commanded and imposed compulsory education at primary school level. He also founded and established Chulalongkorn University in Bangkok Vajiravudh school students consisted of young boys who diasramakan. In the socio-economic field of King Vajiravudh in 1916 he ordered his people to use his family name, then told the woman also told to use the model european hair and skirt as a model dressing native Thailand.

During the reign of King Vajiravudh perform contradictory actions in which he allowed the ongoing practice of budget waste of funds, corruption, business royal absolutism, and the suppression of the advisory board. In 1925 King Vajiravudh dies and is succeeded by his younger brother Prince Prajadhipok. Prajadhipokmengambil policies for reduction of employees who initially 3000 to 300 people. In addition, military personnel and also burdened with the pay cuts. Kebijaikan was coupled with some increase in excise as a result of trade agreements and the prosperity of foreign trade, allowing offset budged and also raise taxes. He re-established Advisory Board consisting of five important prince as a advisory body and he founded the cabinet of ministers. In 1927 he formed a committee comprising 40 people to report to him any problems posed.

Policies that have been taken to bring results. The amount of revenue derived from customs sector makes pemasukannegara grow and make the state treasurer is able to balance the budget without the need for debt relief from other States or abroad. But the one sisitindakan Prajadhipok with development policy reduction of employees' salaries and a massive upset and feel devastated, especially since the enactment of the young officer's discretion. In the field of trade still largely held by foreigners, especially Chinese. Thus the economic situation remains critical and the number of unemployed has increased.

B. Reform of 1932 in Thailand

In October 1931 a debate between the highest council in Thailand, the debate involving the Minister of War, Prince Bavaradev, and trade minister and Prince Purachatra. The debate about economic issues. And it resulted piolitik domestic crisis that reduces the confidence of the people against the king or the government.

The entry of science western governments, especially about new ideas that have been wafted by the young Thai is a factor that accelerates the emergence of the revolution. Thai people from both groups of intellectuals and military officers that were revolutionary and western-educated aspiring to abolish the absolute monarchy into constitutional monarchy.

Intellectual faction led by Pridi Banomnyong. While the military group led by Phibun Songgram. Both these men who later took part in achieving democratization in Thailand. Thus then arise a new elite that demands change and greater political power established itself as an opposition against the monarchy absolute. Dissatisfaction among western-educated revolutionaries, elite bureaucracy in government and leadership of armed forces of the younger rising. So, with military support Pridi meolancarkan bloodless revolution on June 24, 1932.

Revolution in 1932 took place with the lancer and succeeded in forcing the king accepted the constitution proposed by the People's Party (party Pridi Banomyong and his friends). The contents of the constitution in question is to eliminate the rights pregorative King, except the right to give forgiveness. Besides, it is determined that full sovereignty is in the hands of the people, the government arranged with the institutions of state which includes King, cabinet and parliament. Besides the main content of the constitution of 1932 is as follows

1. King has the right to appoint half the members of parliament, amounting to 156 people and the other half elected by the people.

2. Cabinet headed by a prime minister chosen by parliament and responsible to him, later on officially adopted by the king.

3. King entitled to dissolve parliament and for that he must carry out the election, no later than three months afterwards.

4. King may veto parliamentary decisions and the right to declare state of emergency.

As a result of the 1932 revolution, the power is removed and shaped the Constitution and parliament. The revolution launched by the revolutionary group in Thailand was indeed to subvert the power of absolute monarchy. Phyamanomakon become prime minister. In his reign Pridi banomyong proposed economic plan contains about the nationalization of all land, then Prime Minister Manomakon as communists and discard Pridi abroad. Prime Minister Manomakon also cleans the armed forces of the radical elements. And suddenly a coup in 1933 conducted by PhyaBahol and managed to subvert Manomakon Phya. After Phahon become leaders between the years 1933-1938 he was considered undemocratic and assessed a new authoritarian powers.

In 1938 the cabinet fell and was replaced Phibun Songhram. During pemerintahanPhibun Songhram and Pridi as finance minister, the actions of government are more nationalist, like the successful opening of employment opportunities, memberbaiki government. After World War II Phibun be moderate and anti-communist law in 1974 he was waived. With the way that Thailand received support from the Soviet Union and became a UN member in 1948. After a clash with big countries and the United Nations then the ideals become a democratic state come true.

(Taken from my website and translated using google translate) http://fauzihistory.blogspot.com/2009/03/revolusi-thailand-1932.html